With cold weather and deep snow, setting out hay to help grazing wildlife through the winter seems like a kind thing to do.
It isn’t, and it may hasten the death of hoofed animals like moose, deer, elk, and wild sheep, B.C. wildlife biologists warn.
A bulletin from the Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations & Rural Development (FLNRO&RD) notes that supplemental feeding can have “serious negative consequences for ungulates,” the technical term for hoofed wildlife with digestive systems adapted to harsh conditions and elements.
One of them is sickness or starvation with a rumen filled with supplemental feed that it can’t digest.
“Ungulates, as ruminants, have food requirements that vary seasonally,” according to the biologists.
“It takes weeks for the bacteria in their digestive tract to adapt to changes in diet. A sudden shift from natural winter forage to supplemental feed can result in sickness or death.”
Feeding wildlife can also attract them to communities, leading to human conflict, damage to winter habitat, and higher risk of parasite and disease transmission.
Animals gathering at feeding sites compete for food, with dominant animals gorging themselves while weaker animals get nothing.
Feeding sites can also attract predators.
Wildlife biologists study snow depth and animal condition before doing small-scale supplemental feeding, which can be helpful to draw animals away from farms and roadways.
The FLNRO&RD notes that even in well-functioning ecosystems, some animals die in winter.
This is the natural regulation of population, keeping it in balance with the habitat available to wild animals, it states.